Nonces

Unlike Ethereum, where each account has a single nonce that increments every transaction, accounts on Abstract maintain two different nonces:

1. Transaction nonce: Used for transaction validation.
2. Deployment nonce: Incremented when a contract is deployed.

In addition, nonces are not restricted to increment once per transaction like on Ethereum due to Abstract’s native account abstraction.

There are also other minor differences between Abstract and Ethereum nonce management:

• Newly created contracts begin with a deployment nonce value of 0 (as opposed to 1).
• The deployment nonce is only incremented if the deployment succeeds (as opposed to Ethereum, where the nonce is incremented regardless of the deployment outcome).